Evaluative actions: In terms of rational orientation to an absolute value; involving a conscious belief in the absolute value of some ethical, aesthetic, religious or other form of behaviour entirely for its own sake and independently ____________of external success.
Personality system: This aspect of the system of social action is responsible for the needs for fulfillment of which the man makes effort and performs certain actions. But once man makes efforts he ________meet certain conditions.
A discovery involves making known or sharing the existence_____ an aspect of reality.
A discovery involves making known or sharing _____existence of an aspect of reality.
A discovery______________ making known or sharing the existence of an aspect of reality. The identification of a new moon of Saturn is an act of discovery.
According Talcott Parsons a social action is a process in the actor-situation system which has motivational significance to the individual actor or in the case of collectivity, its component individuals ______
According to Pareto sociology ____________the logical and illogical aspects of actions.
According to Talcott Parsons a social action is a process in the actor-situation system which has motivational significance to the individual actor or in the case_____ collectivity, its component individuals.
According to Talcott Parsons a social action is a process in the actor-situation system which has motivational significance_____ the individual actor or in the case of collectivity, its component individuals.
According to Talcott Parsons a social action is a process in the actor-situation________________________ to the individual actor or in the case of collectivity, its component individuals.
An innovation is the process of introducing an idea or object ___________to culture. There are two forms of innovation: a discovery and an invention.
Cultural system: Once the process of the social action develops the symbols and the signs acquire general meaning. They also develop as a result of ______________and ultimately when different actors under a particular cultural system perform various social interactions, special situation develops.
Culture is the totality of learned, socially transmitted behaviour. It includes ideas, values and customs of groups of people. Members of a society learn this culture and transmit it_____________________________. They preserve their distinctive culture through literature, video recordings and other means of expression.
Emotional actions: In terms of effectual orientation especially emotional_________________ and state of feeling of the actors.
Material culture refers to the physical or technological aspects ____our daily lives including food items, houses, factories and raw materials.
Material culture refers to the physical or technological___________________ including food items, houses, factories and raw materials.
Material culture________________ the physical or technological aspects of our daily lives including food items, houses, factories and raw materials.
Methods of sociology of management combine approaches not only of sociological research, but also campaigns of other sciences. ______________can be divided into three basic groups.
Nonmaterial culture refers to ways____ using material objects and to customs, beliefs, philosophies, governments and patterns of communications.
Nonmaterial culture refers to _____________material objects and to customs, beliefs, philosophies, governments and patterns of communications.
Nonmaterial culture refers _____ways of using material objects and to customs, beliefs, philosophies, governments and patterns of communications.
Nonmaterial culture _____________________material objects and to customs, beliefs, philosophies, governments and patterns of communications.
Object of sociology of management is the administrative processes________________ in a society and considered here from the point of view of the system approach, as a set constantly co-operating and making influence on each other subsystems.
Rational Action: In terms of rational orientation to a system of discrete individual ends that is through expectations as to the behaviour of objects______________ and of other human individuals making use of these expectations as conditions or means for the successful attainment of the actor’s own rationally chosen ends.
Subject of sociology of management is the evaluation, studying, perfection of managerial processes in various types of social societies, the social organizations, the social institutes, all society, each of which ___________specific system of social interactions of people and their groups.
Subject of sociology of management is the evaluation, studying, perfection of managerial processes________________________, the social organizations, the social institutes, all society, each of which represents specific system of social interactions of people and their groups.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Newly emergent careers in many sort of action programs have developed in recent years like training programs, foreign aid programs and in Humanitarian Organizations like UN.
B) Sociologists are employed in small numbers by industry, trade, associations, labour unions, foundations and in fairly large numbers by research organizations in wide variety of positions very often in the administration and conduct of research.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) By concentrating on the reciprocal influence of social structure on social action, sociology free to analyze all forms of social interaction (from language and sexuality to religion and industry).
B) By concentrating on the reciprocal influence of social structure on social action, sociology is free analyze all forms of social interaction (from language and sexuality to religion and industry).
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Political sociology broadly conceive the study of power and domination in social relationships. It could thereby include analysis of the family, the mass media, universities, trade unions, and so on.
B) The gap between elements in the working class and the middle class is described as declining, and the political process is seen as transformed into a process of pragmatic bargaining over specific issues.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Scholarship in the sociology of culture ranges from highly general conceptual arguments closely observed empirical studies.
B) Scholarship in the sociology of culture ranges from highly general conceptual arguments to closely observed empirical studies.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) The basic difficulty in empirical studies of consensus and cleavage is the failure to articulate sample surveys with theoretical issues.
B) Political sociology broadly conceived is the study of power and domination in social relationships. It could thereby include analysis of the family, the mass media, universities, trade unions, and so on.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) The development of middle-class occupations has very different implications in the developing nations, in that it contribute to discontinuities in the social hierarchy and thereby increases the potentialities for political instability.
B) The basic difficulty in empirical studies of consensus and cleavage is the failure to articulate sample surveys with theoretical issues.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) The gap between elements in the working class and the middle class is described as declining, and the political process is seen as transformed into a process of pragmatic bargaining over specific issues.
B) National surveys base on a limited number of cases produce valid results for the society as a whole.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Weber provided the theoretical underpinning for modern sociology defined as the interpretative understanding of social action linked to a causal explanation of its course and consequences.
B) Political science became focused on the analysis of the machinery of government, the mechanisms of public administration and theories of governance. Sociology adopted a much broader definition of its subject matter.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Subject of sociology of management is the evaluation, studying, perfection of managerial processes in various types of social societies, the social organizations, the social institutes, all society, each of which represents specific system of social interactions of people and their groups.
B) Methods of sociology of management combine approaches not only sociological research, but also campaigns of other sciences.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) The male approach to business is competitive, direct and confrontational. The end justifies the means (the end justifies the means: it doesn’t matter what methods you use: success is the only important thing.).
B) The female method is collaborative, collective action and responsibility is more important than personal achievement.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Nonmaterial culture refers to ways of using material objects and to customs, beliefs, philosophies, governments and patterns of communications.
B) Material culture refers to the physical or technological aspects of our daily lives including food items, houses, factories and raw materials.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Subject of sociology of management is the evaluation, studying, perfection of managerial processes in various type of social societies, the social organizations, the social institutes, all society, each of which represents specific system of social interactions of people and their groups.
B) Which socio-psychological aspects of management are of great importance?
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) A student who become interested in a subject may wonder what possibilities it holds for a career.
B) A combination of courses which constitute an undergraduate minor or major in sociology is not in itself preparation for a professional career as a sociologist.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Another type of political situation obtains in those developing countries of ancient civilization which are attempting to modernize their societies after emancipation from foreign rule. The Middle Eastern states and North African states, the Asian states and Latin American states fall under this category.
B) Another type of political situation obtains in this developing countries of ancient civilization which are attempting to modernize their societies after emancipation from foreign rule. The Middle Eastern states and North African states, the Asian states and Latin American states fall under this category.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Bottomore has identified three types of political situation in the contemporary world: First there are tribal societies mainly in the African countries which are being modernized under western influence on the lines of western political institutions.
B) Bottomore has identified three type of political situations in the contemporary world: First there are tribal societies mainly in the African countries which are being modernized under western influence on the lines of western political institutions.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) In the professions like in medicine and law there is some scope for sociology as they give better perspective to the students.
B) Newly emergent careers in many sorts of action programs have developed in recent years like training programs, foreign aid programs and in Humanitarian Organizations like UN.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) In the third category are included industrially advanced countries of Europe, North America, and Australia etc. Here a distinction should made between two types of political systems – the democratic capitalist and communist countries.
B) The dictatorship of the party is equated with the dictatorship of the proletariat in a transitional (переходный; промежуточный) period during which the foundations of the ultimate class less society are being laid.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Social institutions in form of kinship (родство) system, patterns of families, class divisions and traditional outlook of the life do not favour smooth functioning of a modern political system.
B) In the third category are included industrially advanced countries of Europe, North America, and Australia etc. Here a distinction should be made between two types of political systems – the democratic capitalist and communist countries.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Social institutions in form of kinship (родство) system, patterns of families, class divisions and traditional outlook of the life do not favour smooth functioning of a modern political system.
B) The dictatorship of the party is equated with the dictatorship of the proletariat in a transitional (переходный; промежуточный) period during which the foundations of the ultimate class less society are being laid.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Sociologists are employed in small numbers by industry, trade, associations, labour unions, foundations and in fairly large numbers by research organizations in wide variety of positions very often in the administration and conduct of research.
B) In the professions like in medicine and law there is some scope for sociology as they give better perspective to the students.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Sociologists are employed in small numbers by industry, trade, associations, labour unions, foundations and in fairly large numbers research organizations in wide variety of positions very often in the administration and conduct of research.
B) Sociologists are employed in small numbers by industry, trade, associations, labour unions, foundations and in fairly large numbers by research organizations in wide variety of positions very often in the administration and conduct of research.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Teaching is the major career of many sociologists.
B) The basic question is whether science specifically sociology should be value-free.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) They feel that not only do sociologists have a duty say what society might do about problems of race conflict, population growth, birth control, drug addiction, divorce etc but the sociologists should say what society should do about such problems.
B) They feel that not only do sociologists have a duty to say what society might do about problems of race conflict, population growth, birth control, drug addiction, divorce etc but the sociologists should say what society should about such problems.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Undergraduate majors and minors are useful mainly as background preparation for other careers. In social work the better jobs demand a graduate degree in social work and a strong post graduate degree in social work/sociology is usually recommended.
B) Undergraduate majors and minors are useful mainly as background preparation for other career. In social work the better jobs demand a graduate degree in social work and a strong post graduate degree in social work/sociology is usually recommended.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) According to Pareto sociology tries study the logical and illogical aspects of actions.
B) Every social action has two aspects one its reality and other is its form.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Cultural system: Once the process of the social action develop the symbols and the signs acquire general meaning. They also develop as a result of systematized system and ultimately when different actors under a particular cultural system perform various social interactions, special situation develops.
B) Cultural system: Once the process of the social action develops the symbols and the signs acquire general meaning. They also develop as result of systematized system and ultimately when different actors under a particular cultural system perform various social interactions, special situation develops.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Culture is the totality of learned, socially transmitted behavior. It includes ideas, values and customs of groups of people.
B) Culture is the totality of learned, socially transmitted behaviour. It include ideas, values and customs of groups of people.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) A crowd that may collect at a place does not necessarily indulge in the social action unless it starts behaving with one another.
B) Social action is not identical with the similar action, actions of many persons or action influenced by others.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) A social system consists of a purity of individual actor’s interacting with each other in a situation which has at least a physical or environmental aspect, actors are motivated in terms of tendency to the optimization of gratification and whose relations to the situation including each other are defined and motivated in terms of system of culturally structured and shaped symbols.
B) A social system consist of a purity of individual actor’s interacting with each other in a situation which has at least a physical or environmental aspect, actors are motivated in terms of tendency to the optimization of gratification and whose relations to the situation including each other are defined and motivated in terms of system of culturally structured and shaped symbols.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Culture is the symbolic-expressive dimension of social life. In common usage, the term “culture” can mean the cultivation associated with “civilized” habits of mind, the creative products associated with the arts, or the entire way of life associated with a group.
B) Culture is the symbolic-expressive dimension of social life. In common usage, the term “culture” can mean the cultivation associate with “civilized” habits of mind, the creative products associated with the arts, or the entire way of life associated with a group.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Every social system is confronted with 4 functional problem. These problems are those of pattern maintenance, integration, goal attainment and adaptation.
B) Every social system is confronted with 4 functional problems. These problems are those of pattern maintenance, integration, goal attainment and adaptation.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) In such positions the sociologist is working as applied scientist. He or she has been engaged to use scientific knowledge in pursuing certain values - a harmonious and efficient working force, an attractive public image of the industry or an effective community action programme.
B) In such positions the sociologist is working as an applied scientist. He or she has been engaged to use scientific knowledge in pursuing certain values - a harmonious and efficient working force, an attractive public image the industry or an effective community action programme.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) In the professions like in medicine and law there is some scope for sociology as they give better perspective to the students.
B) Secondary schools/colleges present some demand for sociology teachers.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Male behaviour can include forceful gestures for example banging a fist on the desk for effect. The female style does not usually include aggressive gestures.
B) Male behaviour can include forceful gestures for example banging a fist on the desk for effect. The female style do not usually include aggressive gestures.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Male body language tends be challenging.
B) Female body language tends towards self-protection. A stereotypical female pose is sitting cross-legged; the male sits with legs apart to give an impression that he is in control.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Many cultural universals are, in fact, adaptation to meet essential human needs, such as people's need for food, shelter and clothing.
B) Yet, the manner in which they are express will vary from culture to cultur.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Members of a society learn this culture and transmit it from one generation the next.
B) They preserve their distinctive culture through literature, video recordings and other means of expression.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Members of a society learn this culture and transmit it from one generation to the next. They preserve their distinctive culture through literature, video recordings and other means of expression.
B) Members of a society learn this culture and transmit it one generation to the next. They preserve their distinctive culture through literature, video recordings and other means of expression.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Men find it easy tell others about their successes. Women tend to share or pass on the credit for a success.
B) The male way of speaking does not encourage discussion. Women tend to welcome other’s opinions and contributions more.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Men find it easy to tell others about their successes. Women tend to share or pass on the credit for a success.
B) The male approach is to go to the heart of the problem, without taking into account secondary consideration. The female preference is to look at various options.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Men like to talk about their personal experiences and achievements or discuss ‘masculine’ topics such as cars or sport. Women tend to talk about staff problems and personal.
B) Men find it easy to tell others about their successes. Women tend share or pass on the credit for a success.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) People live in human societies. A society is the largest form of human social organization that consist of people who live in the same territory, are relatively independent of people outside their area and share a common heritage or a common culture.
B) People live in human societies. A society is the largest form of human social organization that consists of people who live in same territory, are relatively independent of people outside their area and share a common heritage or a common culture.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Reality involves the actual existence of the thing and the form is the way the phenomenon presents itself to the human mind.
B) Rational Action: In terms of rational orientation to a system of discrete individual ends that is through expectations as to the behaviour of objects in the external situation and of other human individuals making use of these expectations as conditions or means for the successful attainment of the actor’s own rationally chosen ends.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Social action in order to be really social has to be oriented to the behaviour of other animate things as well.
B) Social action in order to be really social has be oriented to the behaviour of other animate things as well.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Social action is not identical with the similar action, actions of many persons or action influenced by others.
B) Social action is not identical the similar action, actions of many persons or action influenced by others.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Sociologists generally avoided involvement in controversial issues and sought the status of pure social scientists. This view has been challenged in both physical and social science.
B) Many sociologists today believe that sociologists should claim a major role in make decisions about public policy and should involve themselves in the major issues of our society.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Sociologists make a useful distinction between elements of material and nonmaterial culture.
B) Material culture refers to the physical or technological aspects of our daily lives including food items, houses, factories and raw materials.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Sociology according to Weber is not merely confined to study of social action. It is an interpretative understanding of the social action.
B) Sociology according to Weber is not merely confined study of social action. It is an interpretative understanding of the social action.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) The female method is collaborative, collective action and responsibility more important than personal achievement.
B) The female method is collaborative, collective action and responsibility is more important than personal achievement.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) The male approach is to go to the heart the problem, without taking into account secondary consideration. The female preference is to look at various options.
B) The male approach to business is competitive, direct and confrontational. The end justify the means (the end justifies the means: it doesn’t matter what methods you use: success is the only important thing.).
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) The male way of speaking does not encourage discussion. Women tend to welcome other’s opinions and contributions more.
B) Men like to talk about their personal experiences and achievements or discuss ‘masculine’ topics such as cars or sport. Women tend to talk about staff problems and personal.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) The sociological study of culture encompasses all these diverse meanings “culture.”
B) The sociological study of culture encompasses all these diverse meanings of “culture.”
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) The study of culture is an important part of contemporary sociological work.
B) Through advances in culture, human beings have come long way from our prehistoric heritage.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) The term clinical sociologist has appeared to describe the work of the sociologist as technician.
B) To some extent this is a new name for what sociologists have been doing for a long time but it also includes a considerable broadening of the range of sociologists' efforts to be useful in society.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Three main approaches to political sociology have considerably narrowed its subject area. The first builds directly on Max Weber's notion of ‘politically oriented action’.
B) By concentrating on the reciprocal influence of social structure on social action, sociology is free to analyze all forms of social interaction (from language and sexuality to religion and industry).
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Various elements of the situation come to have several meanings for ego as signs or symbols which become relevant to the organization of his expectation system.
B) Personality system: This aspect of the system of social action is responsible for the needs for fulfillment of which the man make effort and performs certain actions. But once man makes efforts he has to meet certain conditions.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Within the discipline, the sociology of culture emerged as a bounded subfield during the 1980s.
B) Prior to this period, sociological analyses of culture were found mainly in theoretical treatises and in empirical studies of religion, the arts, and the “sociology of knowledge.”
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Worship before an idol or worship in a lonely place is not a social action.
B) In every kind of action even overt action is social in the sense of the present discussions.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Worship before an idol or worship lonely place is not a social action.
B) Mere contact with human beings is not a social action.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Which of the mentioned problems studied by sociology of management do you consider to be the most important?
B) Subject of sociology of management is the evaluation, studying, perfection of managerial processes in various types of social societies, the social organizations, the social institutes, all society, each of which represents specific system of social interactions of people and their groups.
Management comprises planning, organizing, staffing, leading or directing, and controlling an
organization (a group of one or more people or entities) or effort for the purpose______ accomplishing a goal.
Management comprises planning, organizing, staffing, leading or directing, and controlling an
organization (a group of one or more people or entities) or effort for the purpose_______________________________.
Management comprises planning, organizing, staffing, leading or directing, and controlling an
organization (a group of one or more people or entities) or effort_____ the purpose of accomplishing a goal.
Another task of the sociologist as a scientist is to clear away the misinformation and superstition which clutters___________ of our social thinking.
As a scientist the sociologist's ___________________is to discover and organize knowledge about social life.
Like all scientists sociologists__________________ both collecting and using knowledge.
________________________are employed by universities, government agencies, foundations or corporations and many sociologists divide their time between teaching and research.
A combination of courses which constitutes an undergraduate minor or major in sociology is not in itself preparation____a professional career as a sociologist.
In social work the better jobs demand a graduate degree in social work and a strong post graduate degree ____social work/sociology is usually recommended.
In the professions like in medicine and law there is some scope for sociology as they give better perspective_____ the students.
Secondary schools/colleges present some demand _____sociology teachers.
Undergraduate majors and minors are useful mainly as background preparation _____other careers.
______the professions like in medicine and law there is some scope for sociology as they give better perspective to the students.
Because organizations __________________as systems, management can also be defined as human action to facilitate the production of useful outcomes from a system.
Political sociology looks at how major social trends can affect the political process, as well as exploring how various social forces work together____ change political policies.
Political sociology looks at how major social trends can affect the political process, as well as exploring how various social forces work together____________ political policies.
Social class theory analysis emphasizes the political power of capitalist elites. The theory emerged from Marxism in the 1850s based primarily on the premise of economic exploitation of one class by another. It split into two parts: one is the power structure or instrumentalist approach, __________is the structuralism approach.
Social class theory analysis emphasizes the political power of capitalist elites. The theory emerged from Marxism in the 1850s based primarily____________ economic exploitation of one class by another.
Social class theory analysis emphasizes the political power of capitalist elites. The theory_____________ from Marxism in the 1850s based primarily on the premise of economic exploitation of one class by another.
Sociological prediction can also help______________ the probable effects of a social policy. Every social policy decision is a prediction.
The management sociology is the boundary synthetic science____________ sociological aspect of administrative activity. This science was generated on a joint of two independent disciplines: sociology and management.
Within the discipline, the sociology of culture emerged ______________________during the 1980s.
A crowd that may collect at a place does not necessarily indulge in the social action unless it starts behaving _____one another.
A crowd that may collect at a place does not necessarily indulge in the social action _________________behaving with one another.
A culture's most important aspects are communicated to people_________ language.
A policy is begun_______________ that it will produce a desired effect. Policies have often failed because they embodied unsound assumptions and predictions.
A social system consists of a purity of individual actor’s interacting with each other in a situation which has at least a physical or environmental aspect, actors are motivated in terms of tendency to the optimization of gratification and whose relations to the situation including each other______________________ in terms of system of culturally structured and shaped symbols.
A student who becomes interested _____a subject may wonder what possibilities it holds for a career.
According to A.V.Sergejchuk’s opinion subject of sociology of management is social systems with__________________________. Sociology of management allows us to see management with the eyes of the sociologist.
Action is social in so far as by virtue of the subjective meaning attached to it by acting individual it takes account of the behaviour of others and is thereby__________ in its course.
All societies have particular ways of encouraging what they view as appropriate behaviour while discouraging and punishing what they consider_________________________.
All societies have particular ways of encouraging what they view as appropriate behaviour while discouraging and punishing____________________ improper conduct.
All societies have particular ______________________they view as appropriate behaviour while discouraging and punishing what they consider to be improper conduct.
All such predictions or forecasts should be offered with certain humility for no certainty attends them. Instead social scientists offer them as the best most informed guesses available upon which to base our policy decisions and expectations_______________.
Amid this diversity, what unifies the sociology of culture are two core commitments: that the symbolic-expressive dimension of social life is worthy of examination, both for its own sake and because of its impact on other aspects of social life; and that culture can ____studied using the methods and analytic tools of sociology.
Amid this diversity, what unifies the sociology of culture are two core commitments: that the symbolic-expressive dimension of social life is worthy _____examination, both for its own sake and because of its impact on other aspects of social life; and that culture can be studied using the methods and analytic tools of sociology.
Among sociologists, “culture” just____________________ that people hold about reality, the norms that guide their behaviour, the values that orient their moral commitments, or the symbols through which these beliefs, norms, and values are communicated.
Another culture ________sacrifices to the gods in order to end a long period of drought.
Because organizations can be viewed as systems, management can also_____ defined as human action to facilitate the production of useful outcomes from a system.
Because organizations can _____viewed as systems, management can also be defined as human action to facilitate the production of useful outcomes from a system.
Broadly conceived, political sociology is concerned with the social basis of power in all institutional sectors of society. In this tradition, political sociology deals with patterns of social stratification ______________________organized politics. It is one particular approach to the study of social organization and societal change.
But it is only since the end of World War II, particularly under the influence of the newer types of economic analysis, that some political sociologists_______________________ theoretical formulations which explore explicitly the conditions under which political democracy would be maximized.
By helping replace superstition and misinformation with accurate knowledge about human behaviour sociologists _________________their most important role. Sociologists make sociological predictions.
Contemporary political sociology ___________much more than the study of the relations between state and society.
Definitions of political democracy_______________ by some theorists so as to encompass one-party systems as well.
Each generation and each year most human cultures change and expand through the process_____ innovation and diffusion.
Each generation and each year most human cultures change and expand _____________the process of innovation and diffusion.
Elite or managerial theory is sometimes called a state-centered approach. It explains what the state does by looking at constraints from organizational structure, semiautonomous state managers, and interests ____________the state as a unique, power concentrating organization.
Elite or managerial theory is sometimes called ____state-centered approach.
Every social action has two aspects: one is its reality and other is its form. Reality involves the actual existence of the thing and the form is the way the phenomenon________ itself to the human mind.
Every social action has two aspects: one is its reality and ___________is its form.
Generally, the nonmaterial culture is more resistant to change______________. Therefore, foreign ideas are viewed as more threatening to a culture than foreign products are. We are more willing to use technological innovations that make our lives easier than ideologies that change our way of seeing the world.
If economic analysis is designed to maximize the use of economic resources, then political sociology has the goal of formulating social, psychological, and economic conditions under which political democracy_______________________.
If economic analysis is designed to maximize the use of economic resources, then political sociology has the goal of formulating social, psychological, and economic conditions under which political democracy_______________________.
If it were not for the social transmission of culture, each generation ____________________reinvent television, not to mention the wheel.
In every kind of action even overt action is social_____ the sense of the present discussions.
In every kind of action even overt action _____social in the sense of the present discussions.
In the nineteenth century the development of representative institutions meant the extension of suffrage and an increase ______________________________as a device for sharing political power and resolving political conflict.
In the twentieth century the complexities of social structure and of the governmental process have produced a rise in the influence of executive leadership and a decline in the impact ______the parliamentary process.
In the twentieth century the complexities of social structure and of the governmental process have produced a rise _____________________________________and a decline in the impact of the parliamentary process.
It is well-known that the primary goal of sociology is an objective analysis of social human relations in order to reveal laws of management _____a society.
It is well-known that the primary goal of sociology is an objective analysis of social human relations in order to reveal laws_____ management of a society.
It is well-known that the primary goal of sociology is an objective analysis of social human relations in order ______reveal laws of management of a society.
It is well-known that the primary goal of sociology is an objective analysis of social human relations __________________of management of a society.
It split ______two parts: one is the power structure or instrumentalist approach, another is the structuralism approach.
Language is a critical element of culture _________________________other living beings.
Language is an abstract system of word meanings and symbols_____________________. It includes speech, written characters, numerals, symbols and gestures of nonverbal communication.
Language is an abstract __________________and symbols for all aspects of culture. It includes speech, written characters, numerals, symbols and gestures of nonverbal communication.
Linguists suggest that language_______________________ and interpretations of social reality.
Male body language tends to be challenging. Female body language tends towards self-protection. A stereotypical female pose is ________cross-legged; the male sits with legs apart to give an impression that he is in control.
Management in all business areas and organizational activities are the acts of getting people together_____ accomplish desired goals and objectives efficiently and effectively.
Management in all business areas and organizational activities are the acts _____getting people together to accomplish desired goals and objectives efficiently and effectively.
Management ______________________who perform the acts of management.
Many cultural universals are, in fact, adaptations to meet essential human needs, such as people's need _____food, shelter and clothing.
Many cultural universals are, in fact, adaptations to meet essential human needs, such as____________________, shelter and clothing.
Many cultural universals are, in fact, adaptations to meet essential human needs, such_____ people's need for food, shelter and clothing.
Many cultural universals are, in fact, adaptations to meet essential human needs, ______________people's need for food, shelter and clothing.
Many of the current management theorems — flatter organizations (organizations in which there are________ managers and people have equal status), empowerment, managing by consensus (managing by getting everyone to agree) — have a female style to them.
Max Weber defines social action: action is social in so far as by virtue_____ the subjective meaning attached to it by acting individual it takes account of the behaviour of others and is thereby oriented in its course. of
Men like to talk about their personal experiences and achievements or discuss ‘masculine’ topics _________cars or sport. Women tend to talk about staff problems and personal
Mere contact with human beings is not a social action. It should deal _____the cooperation and struggle between various individuals.
Mere contact with human beings is not a social action. It should___________ the cooperation and struggle between various individuals.
Methods of sociology of management _________approaches not only sociological research, but also campaigns of other sciences.
Most social science prediction consists not of predicting specific developments as the astronomer predicts an eclipse but of forecasting the general pattern of trends and changes____________________________.
One of the greatest services any scholarly group can offer is to show the society what policies are most likely to work_____________________.
People live in human societies. A society is the largest form of human social organization_________________________ in the same territory, are relatively independent of people outside their area and share a common heritage or a common culture.
Pluralism sees politics primarily as ____contest among competing interest groups.
Pluralism sees politics primarily _______among competing interest groups.
Political sociologists apply several theories to substantive issues. Three major theoretical frameworks ____________ pluralism, elite or managerial theory and class analysis which overlaps with Marxist analysis.
Political sociologists apply several theories_____ substantive issues.
Political sociologists have been men of strong opinions, and they have _______concerned with the value implications of their work.
Political sociologists have been men of strong opinions, and they______________________ the value implications of their work.
Political sociologists have been men _____strong opinions, and they have been concerned with the value implications of their work.
Political sociologists ____________men of strong opinions, and they have been concerned with the value implications of their work.
Political sociologists_________ several theories to substantive issues.
Political sociology is the study of the relations between state and society. The discipline draws on comparative history __________socio-political trends.
Political sociology looks at how major social trends can affect the political process, as well as __________how various social forces work together to change political policies.
Political sociology_______________ the play of power and personality, for instance, the impact of globalization upon identity.
Political sociology___________________________ and personality, for instance, the impact of globalization upon identity.
Reality involves the actual ____________________and the form is the way the phenomenon presents itself to the human mind.
Scholarship in the sociology of culture ranges_____ highly general conceptual arguments to closely observed empirical studies.
Social action in order to be really social has to be oriented to the behaviour of other animate things_____ well.
Social action includes both failures to act and possess acquiescence, may be oriented____ the past, present or accepted further behaviour of others.
Social action includes both failures to act and possess acquiescence, may____ oriented to the past, present or accepted further behaviour of others.
Social action is not identical with the similar action, actions of many persons or action influenced____ others.
Social action is not identical with the similar action, actions of many persons or action____________ by others.
Social action ____order to be really social has to be oriented to the behaviour of other animate things as well.
Social action _____________social has to be oriented to the behaviour of other animate things as well.
Social class theory analysis emphasizes the political power ____capitalist elites.
Sociologists can help to predict the effects of a policy and thus_____________ to the selection of policies which achieve the intended purposes. For example what effect does dropping out of high school have upon a youth's future earnings?
Sociologists make a useful distinction between elements____ material and nonmaterial culture.
Sociologists make __________________between elements of material and nonmaterial culture.
Sociologists make____________________ elements of material and nonmaterial culture.
Sociologists _______________to clear doubts about hereditary, race, class, sex differences, deviation and nearly every other aspect of behaviour.
Sociology according to Weber is not merely confined to study of social action. It is an interpretative understanding of the social action. He __________sociology as a science of understanding.
Sociology according to Weber is not merely confined to study of social action. It is an interpretative _____________of the social action.
Sociology is a science about a society as complete system and about social institutions, processes, social groups, relations between a person and a society, laws ______people mass behaviour.
Sociology is____ science about a society as complete system and about social institutions, processes, social groups, relations between a person and a society, laws of people mass behaviour.
Sociology ____________about a society as complete system and about social institutions, processes, social groups, relations between a person and a society, laws of people mass behaviour.
Sociology_______________ is not merely confined to study of social action. It is an interpretative understanding of the social action.
Some theorists, as represented by Schumpeter, hold that elections are the hallmark of democratic society and that, therefore, the clarification of the election process is________________________________.
The female method is collaborative, collective action and responsibility is more important than personal achievement. Lateral thinking, (thinking a creative way, making unusual connection) as well goodwill and the well-being of the individual, are also_________________.
The female method is collaborative, collective action and responsibility is more important than personal achievement. Lateral thinking, (thinking a creative way, making unusual connection) as well goodwill and the well-being of the individual, are also_____________________.
The major _______________________language, norms, sanctions and values.
The male approach is to go to the heart of the problem, without ______________secondary consideration. The female preference is to look at various options.
The male approach to business is competitive, direct and confrontational. The end justifies the means (_________________what methods you use: success is the only important thing.). Personal status and a focus on the individual are important.
The male way of speaking does not encourage discussion. Women tend to welcome other’s opinions and contributions_______.
The management sociology is the boundary synthetic science studying sociological aspect _____ administrative activity.
The sociological study of culture encompasses all these diverse meanings_____ “culture.”
The structuralism approach emphasizes how the very way a capitalist economy operates only allows and encourages the state to do some things but___________.
The study of culture____________________ contemporary sociological work.
The term "management" has several meanings. Management in all_______________ and organizational activities are the acts of getting people together to accomplish desired goals and objectives efficiently and effectively.
The term diffusion refers to the process by which a cultural item is spread from group to group or from society to society, i.e. to the process____ adopting ideas, technology and customs from other cultures.
The term diffusion refers to the process by which a cultural item is spread _______________or from society to society, i.e. to the process of adopting ideas, technology and customs from other cultures.
The term diffusion refers____ the process by which a cultural item is spread from group to group or from society to society, i.e. to the process of adopting ideas, technology and customs from other cultures.
The theory emerged from Marxism in the 1850s based primarily_____ the premise of economic exploitation of one class by another.
Theorists of the democratic process have therefore had to face the task ____making an intellectual contribution to “institution building,” both to strengthen parliament and to make possible representation at new points in the political process.
Theorists of the democratic process have therefore had to face__________________ an intellectual contribution to “institution building,” both to strengthen parliament and to make possible representation at new points in the political process.
Theorists of the democratic process have therefore had _____face the task of making an intellectual contribution to “institution building,” both to strengthen parliament and to make possible representation at new points in the political process.
Theorists of the democratic process have therefore _________________________an intellectual contribution to “institution building,” both to strengthen parliament and to make possible representation at new points in the political process.
Three major theoretical frameworks are pluralism, elite or managerial theory and class analysis which overlaps_____ Marxist analysis.
Three major theoretical frameworks are pluralism, elite or managerial theory and class analysis which ____________Marxist analysis.
Through advances in culture, human beings________________________ our prehistoric heritage.
Two distinct but converging intellectual traditions ________________in the theoretical and empirical writings of political sociology.
Worship before an idol or worship in a lonely place is not ____social action.
Worship before an idol or worship ___________is not a social action.
Worship _______an idol or worship in a lonely place is not a social action.
Yet, the manner in which they are expressed will vary from culture to culture. For example, one society will attempt to influence its weather by seeding clouds with dry ice particles to bring about rain. Another culture may offer sacrifices to the gods__________________ a long period of drought.
Yet, the manner in which they are expressed____________________. For example, one society will attempt to influence its weather by seeding clouds with dry ice particles to bring about rain.
___________with human beings is not a social action.
____________________particular definitions, political sociology has come to be linked to the analysis of the economic, social, and psychological preconditions for political democracy.
_______________________encompasses all these diverse meanings of “culture.”
__________________________dramatic cultural advances. We can send astronauts to the Moon; we have such achievements as the symphonies of Beethoven, the paintings of Van Gogh, the poetry of Byron and the novels of Dostoevsky.
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений
Соедините части предложений