A social group _________two or more people who interact with one another and who recognize themselves as a distinct social unit.
A social institution is a complex, integrated set ____ social norms organized around the preservation of a basic societal value.
Promoting social and political integration is another important function of education because it transforms a population ______________of different racial, ethnic, and religious groups into a society whose members share a common identity.
Socialism is an economic system under which the means_____ production and distribution are collectively owned.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) In shorthand form, or as concepts, these five basic institution are called the family, government, economy, education and religion.
B) In shorthand form, or as concepts, these five basic institutions are called the family, government, economy, education and religion.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) What are main features of social institutions?
B) How do you understand the behaviour Code?
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Lay persons are likely to use the term "institution" very loosely, for churches, hospitals, jails, and many other things.
B) Sociologists often reserve the term "institution" to describe normative systems that operate in five basic areas of life, which may be designated as the primary institutions.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) A dictatorship is a government in which person has nearly total power to make and enforce laws.
B) Typically, dictators seize power by force and are usually bitterly hated the population over whom they rule with an iron hand.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) A family in which relatives other parents and children — such as grandparents, aunts and uncles — live in the same home is known as an extended family.
B) A family in which relatives other than parents and children — such as grandparents, aunts and uncles — live in the same home is known as an extended family.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) A formal organization is a group deliberately construct to achieve specific objectives through explicitly defined roles and specified rules
B) Modern societies are characterized by the growth of such organizations and the reduction of primary groups.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) A group is a set of people recurrently interacting in a structured way according to shared expectations about each other's behaviour.
B) What is difference between primary and secondary groups?
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) A political system is a cultural universal and a social institution formed in every society.
B) Each society must have a political system because politics is deciding who gets what, when and how.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) A primary group is base on intimate, face to face interaction whereas a secondary group is less cohesive, more formal and less supportive of members.
B) A primary group is based on intimate, face face interaction whereas a secondary group is less cohesive, more formal and less supportive of members.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) A small group is a collection of people who meet more or less regularly in face to face interaction who possess a common identity or exclusiveness of purpose and who share a set of standards governing their activities.
B) A small group is a collection of people who meet more or less regularly in face to face interaction who possess a common identity or exclusiveness of purpose and who shares a set of standards governing their activities.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) A social institution is a complex, integrated set of social norms organized around the preservation of a basic societal value
B) Obviously, the sociologist does not define institutions in same way as does the person on the street.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) A social system basically consists of two or more individuals interacting directly or indirectly in a bounded situation.
B) A social system basically consists of two or more individual interacting directly or indirectly in a bounded situation.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) A social system is a central term in sociological systems theory.
B) Various points in Parsons' formulation have criticized.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) All social system have commonalities (общность).
B) Various points in Parsons' formulation have been criticized.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Although the organization of the family can vary greatly, there are certain general principles concerning its composition, descent patterns, residence patterns, and authority patterns.
B) A family can defined as a set of persons related by blood, marriage (or some agreed-upon relationship) or adoption who share the primary responsibility for reproduction and caring for members of society.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Apparently there are certain minimum tasks that must performed in all human groups.
B) Apparently there are certain minimum tasks that must be performed in all human groups.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Consequently, democracies are generally maintain through a mode of participation known as representative democracy, in which certain individuals are selected to speak for the people.
B) Consequently, democracies are generally maintained through a mode of participation know as representative democracy, in which certain individuals are selected to speak for the people.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Consequently, democracies are generally maintained through a mode of participation known as representative democracy, in which certain individuals are selected to speak for the people.
B) What are the advantage (преимущества) of the extended family over the nuclear family?
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Each society establishes a political system by which it is governed.
B) In modern industrial societies there are five basic types of government: monarchy, oligarchy, dictatorship, totalitarianism and democracy.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Every culture and society has distinctive norm governing what is called appropriate behaviour..
B) Laws, dress codes, bylaws of organizations, course requirements and rules of sports and games all express social norms
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Formal social control carried out by authorized agents, such as police officers, judges, school administrators, employers, military officers and managers of organizations.
B) Formal social control is carried out by authorized agents, such police officers, judges, school administrators, employers, military officers and managers of organizations.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Frequently, dictatorships develop such overwhelming control over people's lives that they are called totalitarian.
B) Totalitarianism involves complete governmental control over all aspects social and political life in a society.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Group decision-making is much slower than individual, but group decisions tend to be more accurate.
B) People in a group are sometimes willing to make decisions involving greater risk than they would alone.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Groups first orient themselves, evaluate control the expression of negative and positive reaction and then achieve solidarity in making a decision.
B) In some cases, groups seek concurrence so strongly that groupthink occurs, creating a situation in which alternatives are not viewed realistically but only in terms of making the group members happy with each other.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Groups generally reward members who conforms to their norms.
B) Group opinion strongly influences individual behavior and judgment toward that of the group.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Hobbes had maintain that man's fundamental motivation was the craving for power and that men were always basically in conflict with each other.
B) Hobbes had maintained that man's fundamental motivation the craving for power and that men were always basically in conflict with each other.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Homan's exchange theory state that people try to maximize rewards and minimize costs in social transactions and will conform to the group under these conditions.
B) Homan's exchange theory states that people try maximize rewards and minimize costs in social transactions and will conform to the group under these conditions.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) How do you understand the term “a social system”?
B) What does a social system consist?
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) If we fail to do so, we may face punishment through informal sanctions, such as fear of ridicule, or formal sanctions, such as jail sentences or fines.
B) Even without thinking we obey the instructions of police officers, follow the day-to-day rules at our jobs, and move to the rear of elevators, when people enter.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) In a literal sense, democracy means government the people.
B) The word «democracy» is originated in two Greek roots — «demos», meaning «the common people», and «kratia», meaning «rule».
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) In human society the family has traditionally been viewed in very narrow terms — as a married couple and their unmarried children living together.
B) A family can defined as a set of persons related by blood, marriage (or some agreed-upon relationship) or adoption who share the primary responsibility for reproduction and caring for members of society.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) In modern industrial societies there are five basic types of government: monarchy, oligarchy, dictatorship, totalitarianism and democracy.
B) A monarchy is a form of government head by a single member of a royal family, usually a king, or a queen.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) In organizations workers must cope with a formal system rules and regulations.
B) Finally, the government of every society legislate and enforces social norms.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) In the course of time Christianity divided into several branches.
B) Among the other Christian faith is the Anglican Church or the Church of England which was established in the 16th century as a branch of the Christian Church.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) In the family we obey our parents.
B) In peer groups we obey informal norms, such as dress codes, that govern the behaviour of members.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Members who have the highest rate of group participation are most often chosen to be leaders. Other traits associated with leadership are intelligence, enthusiasm, dominance, self-confidence and egalitarianism.
B) Members who have the highest rate of group participation are most often chosen to be leaders.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Moreover, the family resource affect our ability to pursue certain opportunities such as higher education and specialized lessons.
B) Religion is found throughout the world because it offers answers to such ultimate questions as why we exist, why we succeed or fail, and why we die.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Most of us respect and accept basic social norms and assume that others will the same.
B) Even without thinking we obey the instructions of police officers, follow the day-to-day rules at our jobs, and move to the rear of elevators, when people enter.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Parsons’ second major interest has been to make sociology more scientific and systematic, by developing abstract conceptions of the social system.
B) Parsons’ second major interest has been make sociology more scientific and systematic, by developing abstract conceptions of the social system.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Religion is found throughout world because it offers answers to such ultimate questions as why we exist, why we succeed or fail, and why we die.
B) Christianity was established in the 1st century AD and later developed into a ruling religion.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Social structure is a term used in the social sciences to refer patterned social arrangements in society that are both emergent from and determinant (определяющий фактор) of the actions of the individuals.
B) Social structure is a term used in the social sciences to refer to patterned social arrangements in society that are both emergent from and determinant (определяющий фактор) of the actions the individuals.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Social support has been found to significantly increase an individual's satisfaction with life, promote health and well-be of individuals and reduce the effects of stress in a person's life.
B) A small group is a collection of people who meet more or less regularly in face to face interaction who possess a common identity or exclusiveness of purpose and who share a set of standards governing their activities.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Social support has found to significantly increase an individual's satisfaction with life, promote health and well-being of individuals and reduce the effects of stress in a person's life.
B) People who have supportive primary group relationships also live longer.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Social systems are open systems, exchanging information with, frequently acting with reference other systems.
B) Social systems are open systems, exchanging information with, frequently acting with reference to other systems.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Sociologists have become increasingly interest in the creation of laws as a social process. In their view, law is not merely a static body of rules handed down from generation to generation.
B) Sociologists have become increasingly interested in the creation of laws as a social process. In their view, law is not merely static body of rules handed down from generation to generation.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Some laws, such as the prohibition against murder, are direct at all members of society.
B) Others, such as fishing and hunting regulations, are aimed primarily at particular categories of persons. Still others govern the behavior or social institutions (corporation law).
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Some laws, such as the prohibition against murder, are directed at all members of society.
B) Some laws, such as the prohibition against murder, are directed at all members society.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Some norms are considered so important by a society that they are formalized into laws controlling people's behaviour.
B) In a political sense, law is the body of rules made by government for society, interpreted by the courts and backed by the power of the state.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) The family as a social institution is present in all cultures.
B) A family can defined as a set of persons related by blood, marriage (or some agreed-upon relationship) or adoption who share the primary responsibility for reproduction and caring for members of society.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) The family is obliged serve the emotional needs of its members.
B) We expect our relatives understand us, to care for us, and to be there with us when we need them.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) The five primary institutions found among all human groups.
B) Sociologists operating in terms of the functionalism society model have provide the clearest explanation of the functions served by social institutions.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) The major units of a social system are said be collectivities and roles (i.e. not individuals as such); and the major patterns or relationships linking these units are values (ends or broad guides to action) and norms (rules governing role performance in the context of system values).
B) The major units of a social system are said to be collectivities and roles (i.e. not individuals as such); and the major patterns or relationships linking these units are values (ends or broad guides to action) and norms (rules governing role performance in the context of system values).
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) The sanctions use to encourage conformity and obedience — and to discourage violation of social norms — are carried out through informal and formal social control.
B) Informal social control is used by people casually; examples of such control include smiles, laughter, raising an eye-brow, and ridicule.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) The term social control refers to the techniques and strategies for regulating human behaviour in any society.
B) Social control occurs on all levels society.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) The usage of the term "social structure" has changed over time and may reflect the various levels of analysis within differing sub-fields of sociology.
B) The usage of the term "social structure" has change over time and may reflect the various levels of analysis within differing sub-fields of sociology.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) There are three basic source of power within any political system — force, influence and authority.
B) Force is the actual or threatened use of coercion impose one's will on others.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Thus, for many sociologist the term social system is not by any means restricted to those situations where there is binding normative regulation; but in order to qualify as social system it must involve a common focus, or set of foci, or orientations and a shared mode of communication among a majority of actors.
B) Thus, for many sociologists the term social system is not by any means restricted to those situations where there is binding normative regulation; but in order to qualify as social system it must involve a common focus, or set of foci, or orientations and a shared mode of communication among a majority of actors.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) Various points in Parsons' formulation have been criticized.
B) However, it is widely agreed that sociologists should operate with some clearly defined conception of what constitutes a social system.
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) What are the functions social systems?
B) What is “the problem of social order”?
Верна ли грамматическая конструкция в данных предложениях?
A) When did the Orthodox Church come into being?
B) What are the main features of social institutions?
Both the memberships and inner groups and non memberships and outer groups_______ reference groups.
How do you understand _____term “a social system”?
How _______understand the term “a social system”?
Is the second function as important as the first________?
Is the second function as important as ______first one?
Is the second function as important___ the first one?
Marxist sociology also has a history of mixing different meanings of social structure, ______it has done so by simply treating the cultural aspects of social structure as epiphenomena of its economic ones.
Social structure is a term used in the social sciences to refer to patterned social arrangements in society that are both emergent from and determinant (определяющий фактор) of the actions____ the individuals.
Social structure is a term _______in the social sciences to refer to patterned social arrangements in society that are both emergent from and determinant (определяющий фактор) of the actions of the individuals.
The usage of the term "social structure" has changed over time and may reflect the________ levels of analysis within differing sub-fields of sociology.
What are the functions_____ social systems?
What does a social system consist____?
What does the first function deal_____?
What does the first function deal_____?
Sociologists often reserve the term "institution" to describe normative systems that operate in five basic areas of life, which may be designated as__________ institutions.
A family can be defined as a set of persons related _____blood, marriage (or some agreed-upon relationship) or adoption who share the primary responsibility for reproduction and caring for members of society.
A social institution is a complex, integrated set of social norms _______around the preservation of a basic societal value.
Although the organization ____the family can vary greatly, there are certain general principles concerning its composition, descent patterns, residence patterns, and authority patterns.
An understanding of the modern industrial society requires an understanding _____the secondary groups.
An understanding of the modern industrial society _________an understanding of the secondary groups.
And ___________patterns or relationships linking these units are values (ends or broad guides to action) and norms (rules governing role performance in the context of system values).
Apparently there are certain minimum tasks that must____ performed in all human groups. Unless these tasks are performed adequately, the group will cease to exist.
As social beings, individuals learn when and where it is appropriate to say_______ things, to use certain words, to discuss certain topics or wear certain clothes, and when it is not.
Contemporary capitalism also differs______ the early capitalist stage in another important respect - monopolistic practices.
Deference to social norms maintains one's acceptance and popularity_______ a particular group.
Each group ________solidarity with all to other groups and other types of social systems.
Each society establishes a political system_____ which it is governed.
Especially selected persons act on behalf of all and hence arises a hierarchy of officials called ____________________(бюрократия).
Especially selected persons act on behalf of all and hence arises a hierarchy of officials __________bureaucracy.
For many sociologists the term social system is not by any means restricted to those situations where_________binding normative regulation.
For while some ____the appropriate standards of behaviour in most societies are written down, many of them are not that formal.
Frank D. Watson writes ______the secondary group is larger and more formal ,is specialized and direct in its contacts and relies more for unity and continuance upon the stability of its social organization than does the primary group.
Frequent interaction________ people to share values and beliefs.
Further people spend __________their time in primary groups than in secondary groups.
Groups are among the most stable and enduring of social units. They are important both to their members and to _____society at large.
Groups are among the most stable and enduring of social units. They are important both____ their members and to the society at large.
Hobbes had maintained that man's fundamental motivation was the craving for power and that men were always basically in conflict with _________.
However, it is widely agreed that sociologists should operate with some clearly defined conception____ what constitutes a social system.
However, this is but one type of family, what sociologists refer ______as a nuclear family upon which larger family groups are built.
Identification and attachment, in turn, stimulate_____ frequent and intense interaction.
Identification and attachment, in turn, stimulate___________ and intense interaction.
If all groups are important to their members and to society, some groups are_______(более) important than others.
If all groups are important to their members and to society, some_______ are more important than others.
In human society the family has traditionally been viewed in very narrow terms — as a married couple and their unmarried children_______ together.
In human society the family has traditionally ______viewed in very narrow terms — as a married couple and their unmarried children living together.
In human society the family has traditionally_____________ in very narrow terms — as a married couple and their unmarried children living together.
In Marx's theory, the major units or components of the capitalist societies with which he was principally concerned were socio-economic classes, and the major relationships between classes ___________economic and political power.
In numerous industries, a few companies are monopolies because they _______the field and exclude new enterprises from entering the marketplace.
In practice, capitalist systems vary in the degree_____ which private ownership and economic activity are regulated by government.
In shorthand form, or as concepts, these five basic institutions are called the family,____________( правительство) , economy, education and religion.
It is widely_______ that sociologists should operate with some clearly defined conception of what constitutes a social system.
Knowledge about cultural norms _____important for impression management, which is an individual's regulation of their nonverbal behaviour.
Lay persons are likely to use the term "institution" very loosely, for churches, hospitals, jails, and many ________(других) things.
Like with other social institutions _________different sociological perspectives on education.
Many social norms are concerned with "should "; that is, there is some pressure on the individual _____conform but there is some leeway permitted also.
Nevertheless, the distinction between social groups and quasi-groups is fluid and variable since quasi-groups very often give rise to social groups, as for example, social classes give rise_____ political parties.
Nevertheless, the distinction between social groups and quasi-groups is fluid and variable since quasi-groups very often give rise_____ social groups, as for example, social classes give rise to political parties.
Norms are the means through which values are expressed _______behaviour.
Norms are the means____________ which values are expressed in behaviour.
Norms __________are the rules and regulations that groups live by.
Obviously, the sociologist does not define institutions in _____same way as does the person on the street.
Ogburn and Nimkoff _________secondary groups as groups which provide experience lacking in intimacy.
Only human beings are capable of elaborate symbolic communication and of structuring their behaviour in terms _____abstract preferences that we have called values.
Only ___________are capable of elaborate symbolic communication and of structuring their behavior in terms of abstract preferences that we have called values.
Or perhaps because the words, rules and regulations, call to mind some kind of formal listing, we might refer _____norms as the standards of behaviour of a group.
Parsons’ second major interest__________ to make sociology more scientific and systematic.
People move frequently, often from one section of the country to________ and they change from established relationships and promoting widespread loneliness.
Power is the heart _____a political system, for it is defined as the ability to exercise one's will ever at others.
Religion is found throughout the world because it offers answers to such ultimate questions___ why we exist, why we succeed or fail, and why we die.
Religion is found throughout the world because it_____ answers to such ultimate questions as why we exist, why we succeed or fail, and why we die.
Schoolchildren are introduced to standards of _________conduct in public life; students are trained for what is ahead in their adult lives.
Secondary groups, characterized by anonymous, impersonal, and instrumental relationships, ______________much more numerous.
Since norms derive_____ values, and since complex societies have multiple and conflicting value systems, it follows that norms frequently are in conflict also.
Social norms are neither static nor universal; they change with respect to time and_____ with respect to culture, social classes, and social groups.
Social norms are rules developed by a group of people that specify how people must, should, may, should not, and must not behave____ varioussituations.
Social norms_______________ formally (e.g., through sanctions) or informally (e.g., through body language and non-verbal communication cues).
Social systems are open systems, exchanging information with, frequently acting with reference _____other systems.
Sociologists have developed a classification of societies____ the basis of their economic systems.
Sociologists often reserve the term "institution" to describe normative systems that operate in five basic areas of life, which may _____designated as the primary institutions.
Sociologists operating in terms of the functionalism society model have provided the clearest explanation of the functions served _____social institutions.
Some norms are defined by individual and societies as crucial ____the society.
The distinction between social groups and quasi-groups is fluid and variable since quasi-groups very often give rise to social groups, as for example, social classes give rise _____political parties.
The family as a social institution is present _____all cultures.
The first category of society according to this classification is the pre - industrial society. This type of society was composed of rather small settlements of people almost always related____ one another.
The first category of society according____ this classification is the pre - industrial society. This type of society was composed of rather small settlements of people almost always related to one another.
The five primary institutions ______________among all human groups.
The major units of a social system are said ________collectivities and roles (i.e. not individuals as such); and the major patterns or relationships linking these units are values (ends or broad guides to action) and norms (rules governing role performance in the context of system values).
The major units of a social system ________to be collectivities and roles (i.e. not individuals as such).
The most basic function of education is the transmission of knowledge. Sociologists call it a rather conservative function because education in any society transmits the_____________ culture.
The most __________function of education is the transmission of knowledge.
The new range of the interests _________a complex organization.
The political institutions became more elaborate, and the concepts____ property rights took on growing importance.
The political institutions became more elaborate, and _____concepts of property rights took on growing importance.
The significance of learning in behaviour varies _____species to species and is closely linked to processes of communication.
The social context has changed so much so that primary group relationship today is not as simple _____they were in Cooley's time.
The social context____________ so much so that primary group relationship today is not as simple as they were in Cooley's time.
The social groups other than those of primary groups may be________as secondary groups.
The social groups other than those of primary groups may_____ termed as secondary groups.
The term "norms" covers an exceedingly wide range_____ behaviour.
The _____________of learning in behaviour varies from species to species and is closely linked to processes of communication.
These, it should be noted __________ from social classes, status groups or crowds, which not only lack structure but whose members are less aware or even unaware of the existence of the group.
Through encouraging regular and predictable behaviour, groups________ the foundation upon which society rests.
Through schooling, each generation of young people studies the existing_____________ and values of a distinctive culture.
Thus order _______only exist in strong government.
Thus, a family, a village, a political party, ____trade union is all social groups.
Thus, a family, a village,___________ is all social groups.
Thus, for many sociologists the term social system is not by any means restricted to those situations where there is binding normative regulation; but in order_____ qualify as social system it must involve a common focus, or set of foci, or orientations and a shared mode of communication among a majority of actors.
Thus, for many sociologists the term social system is not by any means restricted_____ those situations where there is binding normative regulation; but in order to qualify as social system it must involve a common focus, or set of foci, or orientations and a shared mode of communication among a majority of actors.
Two centuries later, capitalism has taken on a somewhat different form which is characterized _______extensive government regulation of economic relations.
Various points in Parsons' formulation have ________criticized.
Various points in Parsons' formulation _________criticized.
Young people, particularly, seek communal living groups and adopt deviant lifestyles in attempts_____ find meaningful primary-group relationships.
Young people, particularly, seek communal living groups and adopt deviant lifestyles ____attempts to find meaningful primary-group relationships.
Young people, _______________, seek communal living groups and adopt deviant lifestyles in attempts to find meaningful primary-group relationships.
____political system is a cultural universal and a social institution formed in every society.
_____practice, capitalist systems vary in the degree to which private ownership and economic activity are regulated by government.
_______also comes to know through experience what types of people he/she can and cannot discuss certain topics with or wear certain types of dress around.
__________of people become involved in occupations devoted to the teaching, generation, or spreading of ideas.
__________the contemporary industrial societies, there are two basic types of economic systems that exist: capitalism and socialism.
_____________changes in the contemporary industrial societies have led social scientists to call technically advanced nations postindustrial societies, i.e. societies whose economic systems are based on the production of information rather than goods.
A family in which relatives other than parents and children — such as grandparents, aunts and uncles — live in the same home is known as_________ family.
A group is a set of people recurrently ____________in a structured way according to shared expectations about each other's behavior.
A social group consists of two or more people who interact with one another and who recognize_____________ as a distinct social unit.
A social system basically consists of two or more individuals _________directly or indirectly in a bounded situation.
According to Merton reference groups are those ________which are the referring points of the individuals, towards which he is oriented and which influences his opinion, tendency and behaviour.
An understanding of the modern industrial society _______an understanding of the secondary groups.
Apparently there are certain minimum tasks that must____ performed in all human groups.
As the whole range of behaviours may_____ included, sociologists have offered the following definition:” Social norms are rules developed by a group of people that specify how people must, should, may, should not, and must not behave in varioussituations.”
Buddhism. This religion is founded by Buddha, the great religious teacher______ lived in India about 2500 years ago.
But only a certain part of households will fit______ model.
Christianity or the Christian religion. This religion is based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ and ________after him.
Diets may be done through trainers at the gym or through the benefit ofcoupons, some people may even prefer diets____________ on TV.
Each group ________solidarity with all to other groups and other types of social systems.
Each society must have a political system because politics is deciding who_____ what, when and how.
Early in the twentieth century, Charles H. Cooley gave the name, primary groups, to those groups that he said are_______________ by intimate face-to-face association and those are fundamental in the development and continued adjustment of their members.
Frequent interaction leads people _______values and beliefs.
Groups are among ________stable and enduring of social units.
However, this is but _____type of family, what sociologists refer to as a nuclear family upon which larger family groups are built
If all groups are important to their members and to society, some groups are more important_____ others.
In modern industrial societies there are five basic_________ of government: monarchy, oligarchy, dictatorship, totalitarianism and democracy.
In the course of time Christianity was________ into several branches.
Lay persons are likely to use the term "institution" very loosely, for churches, hospitals, jails, and many other_______.
Many are learned, informally, in interaction with other people and are passed "that way from generation_____ generation.”
Many are learned, informally, in interaction_____ other people and are passed "that way from generation to generation.”
Many social norms are concerned with "should "; that is, there is some pressure on the individual to conform but there is some leeway ___________also.
Norms also vary in the kinds of sanctions that are attached ____violation of the norms.
Norms also vary in the kinds of sanctions that________ to violation of the norms.
Norms generally are the rules and regulations that groups live____.
Norms generally are the rules and regulations that groups live____.
Obviously, the sociologist does not define institutions in the same way as______ the person on the street.
On the macro scale, it_____refer to the system of socioeconomic stratification (e.g., the class structure), social institutions, or, other patterned relations between large social groups.
Since norms derive from values, and since complex societies have multiple and conflicting value systems, it follows that norms frequently are in conflict______.
Social norms cover almost every conceivable situation, and they vary from standards where almost complete conformity is demanded to those where there_____ great freedom of choice.
Social norms grow out _____social value and both serve to differentiate human social behaviour from that of other species.
Social norms grow______ social value and both serve to differentiate human social behaviour from that of other species.
Social structure is a term used in the social sciences to refer to _________social arrangements in society that are both emergent from and determinant (определяющий фактор) of the actions of the individuals.
Social systems are open systems, exchanging information with, frequently______ with reference to other systems.
Sociologists often reserve the term "institution" to describe normative systems______ operate in five basic areas of life, which may be designated as the primary institutions.
Sociologists operating in terms of the functionalism society model ___________the clearest explanation of the functions served by social institutions.
Some norms _______by individual and societies as crucial to the society.
The five primary institutions_______ among all human groups.
The major units of a social system are said ________collectivities and roles (i.e. not individuals as such); and the major patterns or relationships linking these units are values (ends or broad guides to action) and norms (rules governing role performance in the context of system values).
The Orthodox Church or the Eastern (Greek) Church is _________with the Roman or Western Church.
The term "norms" ________an exceedingly wide range of behaviour.
The usage of the term "social structure"__________ over time and may reflect the various levels of analysis within differing sub-fields of sociology.
The word "May" in the definition of norms indicates that, in most groups, there is a wide range of behaviours in which the individual __________considerable choice.
Thus, a family, a village, ____political party, a trade union is all social groups.
Thus, for many sociologists the term social system is not by any means restricted to those situations where there is _______normative regulation.
Unless these tasks are performed adequately, the group________ to exist.
Various points in Parsons' formulation ______criticized.
What is deemed to be acceptable dress, speech or behaviour in_____ social group may not be acceptable in another.
_____ are three basic sources of power within any political system — force, influence and authority.
_____example, all members of the group are required to wear clothing and to bury their dead. Such "musts" are often labeled "mores", a term coined by the American sociologist William Graham Sumner.
________encouraging regular and predictable behaviour, groups form the foundation upon which society rests.
_______________is surrounded by countless reference groups.
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